Primary hyperparathyroidism as a cause of pathological fracture in a 16-year-old teenager

This article presents a rare clinical observation of a bone form of primary hyperparathyroidism in a 16-year-old adolescent complicated by a pathological fracture of the right femur. The features of the given case are: late diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in an adolescent with clinical manifestations;complication of the disease with a pathological fracture, which required two-stage treatment, open repositioning and metal plate osteosynthesis;difficulties in the organization of the examination and treatment of the patient, related to the detection of COVID-19 and his stay in an infectious department;the need for tactical decision on the sequence of surgical treatment of the fracture and its causes – primary hyperparathyroidism. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 induced hypoparathyroidism: A case report.

Low levels of serum calcium, elevated levels of serum phosphorus and absent or abnormally low levels of serum parathyroid hormone characterize hypoparathyroidism, a rare endocrine deficiency illness. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by injury to the parathyroid gland as a result of surgery or autoimmune disease. In addition, hypoparathyroidism may develop due to genetic causes or infiltrative diseases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by multi-organ involvement, including the dysfunction of endocrine glands. Previous studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces endocrine tissue damage via various mechanisms, including direct cell damage from viral entry to the glands by binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors and replication, vasculitis, arterial and venous thrombosis, hypoxic cell damage, immune response and the cytokine storm. The effects of the new coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the parathyroid glands have received limited attention. Hypoparathyroidism has been observed in a small number of individuals as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study describes the case of a patient with primary hypoparathyroidism induced by COVID-19. Clinicians should also keep in mind that, despite the fact that SARS-CoV-2 has no known tropism for the parathyroid glands, it can result in primary hypoparathyroidism and decompensation of old primary hypoparathyroidism.